The Doom Clock Chapter 2. - 1183 Words

An old, blue Ford truck sped down a mountain trail. Trees of fiery leaves lined the dirt road. Alexander sat in the back seat of the car. In the front sat his mom, dark-haired and green-eyed, and his dad, wearing a faded jacket and a look of desperation. It was Sunday in November. Normally, Alexander would be at the park playing baseball with his friends or at the library. Today was different. A family trip, his mom had told him. But something seemed odd. Maybe it was the way his parents were barely glancing him, the way they seemed to have something to hide. Alexanders mom had said that they would be back at their Albuquerque home before the day finished. They had been driving for [number of] hours. It was evening. The car stopped at an old farm. In the middle lay a rotting barn that had once been light blue. Paint peeled. Rusted tractor parts and equipment were scattered across the lawn. To the right lay deep green woods. Dirt road stretched to the left. The farm looked utterly des erted. Were here, grunted Alexanders father. Alexs mom marched toward the door of the barn. There was a rusted bell, connected to a pulley and a thick rope. Alexs mom pulled it. The bell rang out, loud and strong. The family waited. They must have looked strange, crowded onto the stoop of an old farm house outside of Santa Fe. Alexanders parents often did strange things. They had little money, and always signed up for odd jobs. Alexanders dad worked as a part-time doorman,Show MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s The Darkness And Futility Of The Dystopian World1757 Words   |  8 Pagesdriving force of the novel. I have always been a fan of Orwell’s work and 1984 is definitely not an exception. We are almost immediately hit with a cascading sense of doom as the story begins. The first character we are introduced to is Winston Smith, a low ranking party member in the super state of Air Strip One. ‘’The clocks are striking thirteen on a cold day in April’’ as Winston enters his apartment on what I presume is a break. He retrieves a small diary from a little nook not visible fromRead MoreCritics of Novel 1984 by George Orwell14914 Words   |  60 Pagesability to simultaneously hold two opposing ideas in ones mind and believe in them both. Winston believes that the human mind must be free, and to remain free, one must be allowed to believe in an objective truth, such as 2 + 2 = 4. OBrien wants Winston to believe that 2 + 2 = 5, but Winston is resistant. Finally, OBrien takes Winston to Room 101, the most dreaded room of all in the Ministry of Love, the place where prisoners meet their greatest fear. Winstons greatest fear is rats. OBrienRead MoreErnest Hemingway Essay6491 Words   |  26 Pagesto the hurts of the world. Finally, one sees clearly the two opposing movements of the novel. The relentless, tragic warning throughout the novel, echoed in the imagery, the rain, and the narrator’s comments is the first movement of the current of doom. Its counterpart is the connection Henry establishes with the world in his love affair with Catherine, and in doing so becomes humanly â€Å"alive†. b) For Whom the Bell Tolls nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Critics consider For Whom the Bell Tolls Hemingway’sRead MoreEthical Hacking8365 Words   |  34 PagesChapter-1 1.0 Introduction With the tremendous advancement of Internet, different aspects of it are achieving the highest peak of growth. An example of it is e-commerce. More and more computers get connected to the Internet, wireless devices and networks are booming and sooner or later, nearly every electronic device may have its own IP address. The complexity of networks is increasing, the software on devices gets more sophisticated and user friendly – interacting with other devicesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesresources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced student user Ask your local representative for details! Collaborate with your colleagues, find a mentorRead Moreshakespeare influences16068 Words   |  65 PagesSyeda Samreen Asad, without their kind support, motivation and encouragement, it would be impossible for me to complete this work. SR.NO. CONTENTS PG.NO 1. ABSTRACT 1 2. INTRODUCTION 2-3 3. LITERTURE REVIEW 4-15 4. RESEARCH QUESTION 5. SIGNIFICANCE AND RATIONALE 6. ANALYSIS 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. ABSTRACT This thesis analysis the textualRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 PagesThe original hardcover edition of this book was published in 1991 by HarperBusiness, a division of HarperCollins Publishers. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Marie Contents PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PART I Discovering the Chasm INTRODUCTION If Bill Gates Can Be a Billionaire 1 High-Tech Marketing Illusion 2 High-Tech Marketing Enlightenment PART II Crossing the Chasm 3 The D-Day Analogy v vi Contents 4 Target the Point of Attack Read MoreTop 1 Cause for Project Failure65023 Words   |  261 Pagesyour experience, what is the TOP #1 cause for Project failure? From experience, the following are the TOP10 causes of Project failure that Mathew can think of (they are not in any kind of order): #1. Lacking Sponsor s Involvement/Ownership #2. Halo Effect (Wrong Man for the Job) #3. Poor HR Management #4. Poor/Inadequate Project Communications #5. Ignoring Project Stakeholders #6. Absence of Risk Management #7. Scope Creep/Unrealistic Expectations ( scope creep: Frequent and uncontrolled

Eating Disorders are a Mental Illness - 1431 Words

Eating disorders are mental illnesses that involve an obsession with food, extremely unhealthy eating behaviors and a distorted body image. They are complicated, serious disorders. The group that eating disorders affects the most are typically girls through the ages of sixteen and twenty years old. Although teenage eating disorders are typically believed to be caused by depression or genetic factors, social media has worsened the problem by the huge increase in peer pressure girls endure due to the widespread use of sites such as Twitter and Instagram. Eating disorders are real, complex and devastating conditions that can have serious consequences for health, productivity and relationships. The two most common†¦show more content†¦When social media and the internet became a big thing, all different online weight groups began to develop. Some of these groups became known as Pro-Ana, Pro-Mia and Pro-ED, which are short for Pro-Anorexia, Pro-Bulimia and Pro-Eating Disorders (W anchisn 1). These terms are used to describe online websites where eating disorder behaviors and attitudes are encouraged greatly. On these sites, users are encouraged to lose weight to be part of that exclusive online community. Some initially appear friendly and happy. However, they can pose a serious threat to some individuals, not simply because they promote eating disorder behaviors, but because they build a community that is unhealthy and unstable. They persuade young girls that the Pro-Ana community is providing caring and nurturing advice, however it is really creating an unhealthy environment (Wanchisn 3). Now Pro-Ana content appears in more places and in more formats, such as blogs and social networking websites. It’s also increasingly more difficult to detect Pro-Ana sites. Many are disguised as positive websites where people motivate each other lose weight together and the anorexic theme is hidden behind nice comments. They come together behind the theme of â€Å"thinspiration,† giving out their own tips and tricks to lose excessive weight. In June 2010, researchers from Johns Hopkins studied the content of 180 sites they discoveredShow MoreRelatedMental Illness, Schizophrenia, And Eating Disorders1380 Words   |  6 PagesLike physical illnesses, mental illness is on a scale of severity. Although more than roughly 60 million Americans have some form of a mental illness a small amount actually seek or are given treatment. The statistic most often quoted is that one in four adults and one in five children will have a mental health disorder at some point in their lives. (What is Mental Illness? n.d.). The overall stigma that comes along with a mental disorder is still one of the biggest barriers that prevents thoseRead MoreParental Mental Illness And Eating Disorders Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesParental Mental Illness and Eating Disorder in Offspring, Bould and other researchers (2015) presented a study which investigated the causal relationship between parental mental illness of specific types and eating disorders in their offspring (p. 383). In addition to the data from a longitudinal record-linkage study of children resided in Stockholm County in Sweden from 2001 to 2007, Bould et al. (2015) used the eating disorder status of the children and their parental mental illness informationRead MoreThe Importance Of Eating Disorders A Mental Illness773 Words   |  4 PagesWhen looking at Mental Illness and diagnoses, I think that much of the general public do not consider eating disorders a mental illness. People today see both Bulimia and Anorexia as physical conditions and choices. Being in the field and working closely with individuals with both diseases, I see first-hand that those diagnosed with the illnesses suffer just as greatly as anyone else with a mental illness. After watching â€Å"Dying to be Thin†, I am able to make several connections to not only my personalRead MoreEating Disor ders: A Life Threatening Mental Illness Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagesaffected by eating disorders; of those 14 million Americans in the United States 200,000 live in Minnesota. According to the United States Census Bureau there are 5.4 million people living in Minnesota. Eating disorders are a big problem considering that 4 out of 100 people have an eating disorder, just in Minnesota. There are three main eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating. Although doctors still don’t fully understand what causes eating disorders, the disorder can affectRead MoreMental Health And Social Work. Mental Health Social Workers1659 Words   |  7 PagesMental Health and Social Work Mental health social workers provide prevention, remedies, and healing of many mental illnesses, by working with the client as well as their family. This type of social work has been on the rise due to an increase in mental illnesses. Three examples of a mental illness are as follows: schizophrenia, eating disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Those are just a few examples out of many, but with mental illness, you can be sure that a social worker is not farRead MoreMental Illness is not an Adjective to Describe People821 Words   |  3 PagesMental illness is the largest health problem that is generally viewed as least important or least impacting. My generation has a bad habit of using mental illnesses as adjectives; she’s so bipolar or that’s retarded. What people dont understand is that mental illness is one of the largest leading health problem in America. Mental illness is an ever growing problem that affects all types of people all across the world. In order to make others understand the gravity of mental illness we mustRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa: Nursing Interventions1326 Words   |  5 Pagesmortality rate than any other psychological illness. Its primary clinical feature is extreme emaciation as a result of the patients refusal to maintain a healthy body weight. Weight loss may be achieved through caloric restriction or a combination of caloric restriction and purging behaviors (vomiting, laxatives, and exercise) (Understanding eating disorders, 2013, Australia Psychological Society). Besides self-starvation, other physical signs of the disorder include intolerance of the cold, fatigueRead MorePersonal Theory Of Psychopathology And Progression Of Pathology Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagesof mental illness, mental distress or the manifestation of behaviors and experiences, which may be indicators to mental illness, or psychological impairment (Psychopathology, n.d.) Within clinical counseling, the use tends to be in the treatm ent of mental disorders, the origins or the development of mental disorder. Technologies are being used, as well as have been, developed that require an accurate model, which is always being advanced within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental HealthRead MoreMental Illness And Theodicy Arguments1063 Words   |  5 PagesMental Illness and Theodicy Arguments Millions of Americans are affected with mental illness each year. Mental illness is very serious disorder and can get worse if left untreated. It can make it difficult for people to cope with everyday life and it can interfere with sleep and eating habits. Mental illness can affect anyone whether it ranges from mood disorders or even anxiety. The cause of mental illness is unknown but chemical imbalances in the body can trigger stress and even trauma, it canRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Young People1304 Words   |  6 PagesIs Social media responsible for the increase in Mental Health issues in young people? The rates of mental health issues in teenagers and young people is increasing, with 20% of the young people in the United States suffering from a mental disorder in their lifetime (Traci Pederson, 2010, Psych Central). This increase must have stemmed from something recent and modern, which many psychologists believe may be the large increase in use of social media, for example Facebook, which has around 1.2 billion

Individual and society free essay sample

Focuses on the social system as a whole and its functional requirements are normally that of structural sociology’ (Calhoun, C et al 2002) However Marxism a conflict theory of sociology takes exactly this focus when analysing how an individual creates an identity and relationship within society. Marxism as a Macro-theory of sociology focuses on ‘human agents as cogs in the machine of social forces’ (Calhoun, C et al 2002) who have little or no control over the development of their identities, because of the overpowering social superstructure which is dictating a social hierarchy of which they are forced to obey. This large scale view of society as over powering in the formation of one’s identity is not that taken by ‘Micro-sociologist who emphasise the social system as being a human creation, rather than one which is imposed on individuals by the system; thus micro sociologists see social order as being produced from below [†¦] created and maintained by the institutions we actively produce. It is this explanation of micro-sociologists like Mead which give room to theories like his of the symbolic self which belong within the category of action theories; and more closely associated with Symbolic Interactionism. This essay will explore and analysis the theories put forward by both Marx and Mead in their approach to sociology and will more closely concentrate on their beliefs of how individuals form identities and relationships within society. Furthermore these essay will both compare and contrast these theorists in their politics and how these have affected modern day sociology with a final evaluation given to explain; the contemporary situation of each of these theories. Firstly though an introduction to briefly outline the basic principles behind each philosophy. George Herbet Mead; an American Pragmatist and developer of the micro-social approach into the symbolic self through interaction and communication of individuals is critical in the knowledge of sociology and more specifically Symbolic Interactionism. Mead’s fascination with sociality, along with his knowledge that human beings are malleable; gave expansion to his theory that human behaviour is transcendent; thus our abilities to change, control and reflect on our conduct. The notion that â€Å"the individual mind can exist only in relation to other minds† (Mead, 1982) is the fundamental concept to Mead’s theory; that the ‘self’ of an individual is embodied and established through stimuli of social matters like; communication, language and essentially gestures. Mead’s publications of Mind, Self and Society in 1934, highlights the significance of social organisms, and more precisely human ability (which is unlike all other animals) to communicate through both language and gestures of the prehensile hand. Past theories viewed ‘mind’ as separate from the ‘self’ of an individual, but symbolic integrationist’s; like Mead recognise how the mind develops alongside the ‘self’ from social processes of communication; thus acts, whether impulsive or controlled constitute towards how an individual’s relationship with society is started. The micro-social position of Mead within social interactionism varies greatly in both the size and approach of Karl Marx and his inputs to Marxism. Marxism; the father of conflict approaches in sociology is a standpoint which focuses on the move of political ideologies through history which have created the modern capitalist society. Central to this theoretical approach is the economic development of the mode of production from feudalism to the current state of capitalism which has created segregation of the social classes with only one option to change the social assembly; revolution. Karl Marx, partnership in founder of the Marxist approach of Marxism, argues that current capitalism has caused large divides between the social classes; the proletariat; or working class are controlled and alienated by the bourgeoisie; the ruling class who own the means of production. ‘Capitalist class structures’ according to Gouldner (1980) ‘are the catalyst of alienation of workers; dehumanising them from their lives through the loss of control of their work’, further arguing that current capitalism holds the proletariat class Vitim to many differing forms of alienation, and it is this concept which is central to Marx ideas; that although individuals believe they are autonomous; their actions are dictated to them by those in authority (Bourgeosie) therefore suggesting a dictation in the relationships individuals hold with society. Marxism; a macro-theory; depicts individuals within society a only developing because of the social class they belong to; suggesting the superstructure of society creates individuals, whilst moulding the relationship they retain with society. This starting analytical outline of each theorist brings to light the main difference between Mead as a micro-theorist and Marx as a macro-theorist and what they contribute towards our understanding of the relationships between individuals and society. Marx ‘attempted to build a multi-dimension theory of modern society’ (Jones, et al, 2011) which explored how social structure impacted on the development of individuals identities through their socialisation into a society, where they were controlled. Socialisation to Marx was what created and formed how an individual had a relationship with society, he believed that proletariat members were socialised into conditions of obeying authority from an early age, with agents of the superstructure; like education, family and the church also maintaining these socialising norms. This Marxist ideal; that social structure constructed the social relationship between individual and society; through its dictatorship of individuals actions, varied greatly from the symbolic interaction view of Mead that an individual’s identity and moreover their relationship with society was formed through the relationship they had with other members of that same society. Mead; as a theorist of symbolic interactionism gives credit to the need for others in the creation of individual’s identities. Mead, differing from Marx believed that other individuals are the only agency needed to establish a relationship between individual and society and that social structure although plays a role in the different types of individual one would come in contact to, is not the only force behind individual identity. Mead identifies how reflection through others in society is how individuals learn their role and therefore adapt to situations through controlling their impulses. Mead explains how viewing ourselves through other people is how we learn to control our behaviour, and through controlling and changing our behaviour we change the format our biology and neurology, a concept which past theorists believed was not possible; only acknowledging the reversed roles; that our biology was the moulding of our behaviour. One fundamental concept in Mead’s theory of how individuals develop their identity is role exchange; Mead explains that individuals place themselves in the position of others to anticipate their response to gestures; whether it be impulsive or a form of communication, and it is this exchange in roles that allows individuals to create a notion of the self and more importantly self-consciousness through which they are reflexive of their own actions. ‘The generalized other’ is Mead’s basic concept of role exchange and what he argues the driving force of the connection between individuals and society. Mead argues the notion of ‘the generalized other’ as being a concept which argues that individuals are able to role take because of their belief that all individuals within the same social group, have common expectations and will therefore preform similar actions. â€Å"The child must have the attitude of all the others involved in that game† (Mead, 1962) because without this attitude they are unable to be self-critical or reflective on their behaviours; due to their lack of viewing a situation from antonymous positions. Although appearing difficult Mead’s explanation of how an individual develops their relationship society, it is in fact simply based on viewing ourselves from other people’s perspectives, through taking on the roles of these individuals. The micro-approach of Mead and how individuals develop within society based only on the individuals they communication and interact with is a contrasting polarisation to Marx theory that individuals are established within society based solely on the social class they belong to. However there is one similarity to the theories of Marx and Mead; although very distinct. Positivism; a sociological idea which holds its ‘values with control, experiments and observations’ is the epistemological position that Goff (1981) argues both Mead and Marx seek to deter from. Goff argues that although different in their approaches to the development of individual’s identity within society, both theorists ‘bear the imprint of early biological theories of evolution, with the central importance they give to man’s conscious activities in the development of man’s life’ (ibid) and it is this that gives similarity to the theories. Mead’s theory of biological physiognomies and social environment, including human communication; through gestures and language in the creation and embodiment of the self, with Marx contrasting these ideas in his early Humanist writing’s where argues a lack of ontological urgency between thought and reality in their determining of one another. Contemporary applications of both Marx and Mead’s theories are very different, Marx theory of social identity although still highly regarded in modern sociology has little practical applications, with interactionist’s like Mead constantly disregarding it, because of its lack of pragmatism. Marx theories of individual identities and concepts such as alienation are still strong within sociology with many agreeing that these conditions do exist, however disregarding the extent to which Marx explained them. Marx theories are often seen as high deterministic and although are often considered when approaching a subject matter like how an individual develops their relationship with society are quickly marginalised because of their impracticality and furthermore their lack of explanation to the future and how a revolution to a communist society where â€Å"all is fair† which change individuals. Mead’s theories within symbolic interactionism are popular in their developments; his initial ideas came from a strong partnership with John Dewey a fellow American Pragmatist, who agreed with Mead on his concepts on how a society needed to be based on democracy in order to allow individuals to exchange roles, and without this political state individuals would be conditioned into a hierarchal system; like that of what Marx explains and therefore would not be able to efficiently develop any relationship with society. In conclusion Mead’s concentration into ‘social evolution’ and how man is able to change both the social and physical world is one that can be viewed as liberal; in its acknowledgment of freedom and how autonomy of individuals is the driving force behind the creation of their individuality. Mead’s theory often criticised for its ignorance; in the belief that individuals are the only creator of social institutions, lacks acknowledgment of external social forces which could impact on both the development and embodiment of the self. However Marx theories also strong in its hold of sociology; could be argued fails in the same way as Mead; through ignorance. Marx approach to how individuals develop within society it very deterministic with little emphasis given to how small scale forms of communication with other individuals affects one’s identity. This summary therefore both gives and takes strength from each theory, with little predication being formatted on which of these theories is better able to explain how an individual constructs their identity within society.

St. Luke Drawing the Virgin and Other Early Renaissance Essay Example For Students

St. Luke Drawing the Virgin and Other Early Renaissance Essay Fifteenth century Flemish painting in general and this particular piece are characterized by oil painted human figures and objects featured elastically and with meticulous attention to detail. Many Flemish paintings including Van deer Hoydens SST. Luke Drawing the Virgin are based on biblical narratives but happen in a contemporary 15th century Hemi setting. In those paintings, there are many symbols and motives presented intentionally to convey different moral, philosophical and mostly religious messages. Through studying and comparing different 15th century Flemish paintings as well as 14th century Italian paintings, one can really learn about the characteristics, expand their knowledge and therefore enjoy the beauty of paintings of that era and SST. Luke Drawing the Virgin in particular which is among the most important northern European paintings in the United States. SST. Luke Drawing the Virgin is a masterpiece painted With Oil and tempera. Oil painting gained popularity in northern Europe around the 15th century. We will write a custom essay on St. Luke Drawing the Virgin and Other Early Renaissance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Its advantages over previous painting techniques such as tempera (Which Will be discussed later), made it become the principal medium for creating artworks later on, and also made it possible for artists such as Van deer Wedded to paint with such attention to detail. Oil is translucent, and dries slowly. It lets the artist paint n many different layers, and by varying the ratio of pigment and binder (oil), achieving many different colors. Oil makes it possible to really diversify texture and create such realism so there is no resonance of the artists presence. In SST. Luke Drawing the Virgin there is a distinct difference between textures of materials: the wooden thrown Mary Magdalene is seated on, the marble tiles, the pillow SST. Luke is kneeling on. Theres a great distinction in the different fabrics of Marry robe. One could almost feel the difference between the heavy thick golden parts of her robe and the light white cloth infant Jesus lays in. Van deer Wedded utilizes the oil painting media to really show every pleat of the clothes, every little leaf in the garden, and wrinkles (especially in SST. Lakes face, the reason may be Van deer Hoydens intention to model the Saints features on his own I , while Marry and Jesus are cleaner as a symbol of purity). There are very subtle lines drawn on the tapestry to show it was once folded before being hanged on the wall. The use of lights and shades emphasizes the foreground, or the main narrative of Luke, Mary and Jesus faith dark colors, volume and shades, against the beautiful clear and sunny landscape in the background. One cannot describe Oil painting Without mentioning another great Elements painter, Who is considered by many (including himself) as the inventor of painting with oil media on panel wood, a man by the name Of Jan Van Check. Although it is known that oil painting had been used before, Jan van Check is definitely the first to really understand What Oil could do. Jan Van Check was a big influence on Rosier van deer Wedded. And in fact, Van deer Hoydens SST. Luke drawing the virgin is clearly derived from Van Cocks Madonna of Chancellor Rolling, c. 1435. Madonna of Chancellor Rolling presents Mary, crowned by a flying angle, presenting the infant Jesus to Rolling, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Burgundy whom the piece was commissioned by. Although the two pieces present different narratives, they are similar in setting (two figures -one is Mary holding the infant Jesus- seated facing one another inside a loggia, landscape in the background and two figures outside standing on a balcony), in the magnificent use to oil and the meticulous attention to detail, and in a few other characteristics of Flemish painting which will be explained shortly. .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1 , .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1 .postImageUrl , .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1 , .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1:hover , .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1:visited , .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1:active { border:0!important; } .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1:active , .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1 .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u67618aab03570d23a5e63f278cbcadc1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Renaissance Dance EssayLastly about oil painting: over the years paintings are not preserved fully, and little cracks appear on them, which are noticeable hen one looks closely. Unlike Byzantine or Gothic art inside churches whos message is to show the divinity and mysteriousness of the unknowable Cod, Flemish painting is about making God tangible, setting biblical narratives into contemporary environment and so bringing God closer to men. It is easy to see in Van deer Hoydens SST. Luke Drawing the Virgin that it doesnt take place in biblical times. The viewer can tell by the clothes, the loggia and the landscape that were in fact in 15th century Flanders. Another way of seeing the intention to make the painting more tangible, and earthbound is by the lack Of halos for he holy figures. Presenting biblical narratives into contemporary setting occurs in many paintings Of that era, Including Jan Van Cocks Madonna Of Chancellor Rolling. Another great example is Joss van Cloves Crucifixion, c. 1525. This painting of the famous theme of Christi crucifixion is also a great example of the use of oil painting (brown in the foreground, green in the middle ground, blue in the background . To create three dimensional space) but this piece is brought up here in order to show the similarity to SST. Luke Drawing the Virgin in terms of symbols with religious meaning (in other words, religious iconography). In SST. Luke Drawing the Virgin there are many symbols with religious meaning. The main ones are: Adam, Eve (and the snake with a human head) carved on the armrest of the wooden throne symbolize Jesus and Marry role in redeeming humankind trot original sin. L, Mary sitting on the thrones step and not on the step itself represents her Chastity Alfred Acres * Rosier van deer Hoydens Painted Texts Alfred Acres Artists et Histories Volvo 21, No 41 (2000), up. 5-109 Published by: IRIS s. C. Article Stable GIRL: http://www_strong/eatable/1483636 Suggests that the ox as Lakes symbol being parallel to the ink bottles, and the pen book representing Lakes Gospel being parallel to the drawing of Mary mean they are all bound tightly under the figure of the artist-Evangelist. The two small figures standing On the balcony, even though theyre looking at the horizon and not at Luke and Mary, m ight represent the viewer looking at the painting. Their size, besides being located far from Mary and Luke might emphasize that even if the viewer can see the holy figures as if they were normal people just like himself, he is still smaller and Of less importance. And so, in sass Van Cloves Crucifixion we encounter two of the most popular. Ideal acceptable symbols over the years when one paints the crucifixion: Dams skull at the foot of the cross, and the plaque marked with I. N. R. I, The skull is believed to have been buried in Goliath, where Jesus was crucified. In the painting the skull of the first Adam symbolizes Jesus role as the new Adam in redeeming humankind from original sin a similar meaning to Adam, Eve and the snake carved on the armrest of the wooden throne in SST. Luke Drawing the Virgin. Is a Latin inscription which translates in English to Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews. The story is that it was written there in Hebrew, Latin and Greek during the crucifixion. In Crucifixion we see SST. Luke and Mary located at the same spots and wearing the same colors as in SST. Luke Drawing the Virgin. This is one example of presenting certain figures in certain ways over the years (Crucifixion was painted around 90 years after and by a different painter). As written before, Oil painting gained popularity in Northern Europe around the 15th century. In order to see the qualities of oil painting and understand why its become so popular, one must examine how painting was done in previous times. SST. Andrew is an egg tempera painting from the early sasss by Italian painter Simons Martini. This painting medium was used In 14th century Italy. .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea , .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea .postImageUrl , .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea , .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea:hover , .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea:visited , .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea:active { border:0!important; } .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea:active , .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u57b4c3d0537b653e2dd1138052749cea:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 10 Characteristics of Renaissance ArtPainters would cover a wood panel With 3 plaster called geese, mix the pigment With an egg as a binder and apply it on the plaster. The difference from Oil painting is that tempera dries fast and its opaque, difficult for light to pass through. Therefore, one is essentially limited to painting with just a few layers and so cannot diversify textures that much and create a very realistic painting with great attention to detail like Flemish painters using oil. Excluding Martini who had the privilege to work in France and be exposed to the Gothic art, most Italian painters were not very interested in visual details anyway. Martinis knowledge of Gothic art is evident in this piece: The Saints hair, beard and clothes are elegant, ornate, refined; his fingers are elongated. Another technique Martini utilizes to decorate the piece is engraving. This piece is similar to SST. Luke Drawing the Virgin in its attention to detail but also includes 14th Century Italian painting characteristics that will be explained through studying a piece by a contemporary to Martini, Ghetto, Fifteenth century Flemish painting is full of details and realism, and helps make god tangible by setting biblical stories in contemporary environment. Fourteenth Century Italian painters have done the same thing in a different way. One of the most revolutionary Italian artists who is considered as a pioneer of the Renaissance is Ghetto did Bonded_ In his Crucifixion, c. 1304-1306 we witness a total different artwork from Van Cloves piece of the same theme or Van deer Hoydens SST. Luke Drawing the Virgin. We witness similar symbols, only this time Ghetto is not focusing on decoration, but on human psychological complexity. Ghetto makes God tangible to the viewer by presenting a human experience, utilizing a lot of volume, shades, weight and bulk. In opposition to Van Clave or Van deer Wedded, there are indications Of divinity (the saints and angels halos, and Chrisms Cruciform Nimbus), and so Ghetto makes one feel close to god not visually but emotionally. An interesting symbol in this piece is the hovering angels in attempt to catch Chrisms blood, symbolizing the Eucharist. Lastly, this painting is also different in the technique it was painted With, called Fresco. The artist essentially puts a plaster on a wall and while its fresh,the artist applies he pigment mixed with water to the wall. When the plaster dries, it locks the paint in. This is called True or Wet Fresco. The blue pigment which was the most expensive back in those times (and therefore was used for frescos in chapels to show the patrons wealth and dazzle the eyes of the people) cannot be added on wet plaster, so in tact in Crucifixion the blue was added in Dry Fresco, using a different binder, In Conclusion, by studying and comparing just a handful of 15th century Flemish paintings and 14th century Italian paintings, one can actually learn about huge molten to paintings from those times, as the intention of the painters, the themes and symbols and the technique used to paint have repeated themselves over the years.